<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><BR></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>Hi Trebor,</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>I take the liberty to post my text</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times CE"><B>Towards Designerly Agency in a Ubicomp World</B></FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times CE">, In: Tales of the Disappearing Computer, Kameas A., Streitz, N. (eds), CTI Press, 2003, pp. 119-127.</FONT><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times CE"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times CE">Greetings from tropical Ghent (heatwave! and loving every minute of it)</FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times CE"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV class="MsoTitle"><SPAN style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Towards designerly agency in a ubicomp world<O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV><P class="author" align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <O:P></O:P></P><P class="author" align="center" style="text-align: center;">Rob van Kranenburg</P><P class="author" align="center" style="text-align: center;">Antwerp Performance Theatricality/ Education Dep, Ghent University/ Resonance Design /</P><P class="author" align="center" style="text-align: center;">Lucas Munichstraat 13 , 9000 Gent, Belgium</P><H1>Abstract: </H1><P class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none">In <I>A future world of supersenses</I><SPAN style="">, Martin Rantzer of Ericsson Foresight claims: "Newcommunication senses will be needed in the future to enable people to absorb the enormous mass of information with which they are confronted." According to him the user interfaces we use today to transmit information to our brains threaten to create a real bottleneck for new broadband services. The bottleneck is thus our embodied brain, not our capacity to boost cable or wireless connectivity. The design challenge in implementing digital connecitivity in an analogue environment lies in creating a working concept of corporal literacy that will inform a </SPAN><I>design for all the senses</I><SPAN style="">. In a ubiquitous computing environment the new intelligence is </SPAN><I>extelligence</I><SPAN style="">, "knowledge and tools that are outside people's heads" (Stewart and Cohen, 1997) In such an environment the user needs textual, visual and corporal literacy, that is an awareness of extelligence and a working knowledge of all the senses. How can we create educational scenarios that allow for these multi-literacies to be recognized, facilitated, documented, and shaped into working methodologies for designers?</SPAN></P><DIV class="MsoNormal"><B>Keywords:</B><SPAN style=""><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Design Education Multi-literacies Performance Ubicomp applications, Radio Frequency Tags Extelligence</SPAN></DIV><H1>Introduction</H1><P class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none">When Captain Cook sailed into an Australian shore for the first time, on April 22 1770 the Aborigines who sat fishing in their boats, did not look up. The Haitians and Maori had responded immediately. Only until Cook lowered a small boat did the Aborigines react. Cook’s ship the <I>Endeavour </I><SPAN style="">was too unlike a boat, too big to be seen as a ship. The Aborigines thought it was an island, and when you see an island you do not have to look up. It will pass.</SPAN></P><DIV class="MsoBodyText2">We find ourselves today in a similar situation. Our <I>Endeauvour</I><SPAN style=""> is the merging of digital and analogue connectivity as described by Mark Weiser and Eberhardt’s and Gershenfeld’s announcement in Febuary 1999 that the Radio Frequency Tag had dropped under the pennycost. For most common users the ubicomp revolution will be too fundamental to be perceived as such. Some professional users believe in smooth transitions, as Tesco's UK IT director Colin Cobain, who says that RFID tags will be used on 'lots of products' within five years - and perhaps sooner for higher value goods;<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>'RFID will help us understand more about our products, he claims.<A style="mso-endnote-id:edn1" href="#_edn1" name="_ednref1" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[i]</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Some professionals believe “that what we call ubiquitous computing will gradually emerge as the dominant mode of computer access over the next twenty years.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Like the personal computer, ubiquitous computing will enable nothing fundamentally new, but by making everything faster and easier to do, with less strain and mental gymnastics, it will transform what is apparently possible.”<A style="mso-endnote-id:edn2" href="#_edn2" name="_ednref2" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[ii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Intriguingly it is Mark Weiser himself who claims that “ubiquitous computing will enable nothing fundamentally new”. In this Weiser will be proven wrong: ubiquitous computing will enable something</SPAN><I> fundamentally new, </I><SPAN style="">and the main question is :</SPAN><I> to what extent does it have designerly agency? </I><SPAN style="">In places where computational processes have disappeared into the background, into everyday objects - both the real and the subject become contested in concrete daily situations and activities. </SPAN><I>The environment becomes the interface.</I><SPAN style=""><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>What is the role and place of design in these information spaces that are mediated with computational processes that generate not data (linked to other data) – the kind of communicative process that we are familiar with - but information (linked to other information)? The main challenge in design education lies in confronting this move from interaction as a key term to </SPAN><I>resonance.</I><SPAN style=""> That refers most aptly to the way we relate to things, people, ideas in a connected environment. Interaction presupposes an ideal setting, agency and response. But mediation (the core business of interaction) is no longer a relationship. It has become the default position.</SPAN></DIV><DIV class="MsoBodyText2"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV class="heading1">Architecture again as the core of design education</DIV><DIV class="heading1"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><I>The ultimate aim of all creativity is the building! </I><SPAN style="">And the italics are original to Walter Gropius Manifesto of the Bahaus</SPAN><I> </I><SPAN style="">(April 1919): “Let us together desire, conceive and create the new building of the future, which will combine everything – architecture </SPAN><I>and</I><SPAN style=""> sculpture </SPAN><I>and</I><SPAN style=""> painting – in<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><I>a single form</I><SPAN style="">….” Building will become once again the core unit of design. For something </SPAN><I>has</I><SPAN style=""> fundamentally changed; the very nature of information itself, no longer analogue, no longer digital, and not hybrid neither: buildings, cars and people can now be defined as information spaces. Anthony Townsend, from Taub Urban Research Center, has been asked by the South Korean government to “turn an undeveloped parcel of land on the outskirts of Seoul into a city whose raison d'etre will be to produce and consume products and services based on new digital technologies. “ The main challenge lies in the realization that “</SPAN><I>half of designing a city is going to be information spaces </I><SPAN style="">that accompany it because lots of people will use this to navigate around.”<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Waiting rooms, he claims,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>become something of an anachronism because no one really waits anymore. Townsend claims that telecommunications in a city in 2012 is going to be a lot more complex: “The most interesting thing about it will be that you won't be able to see it all at once because all these data structures, computational devices, digital networks and cyberspaces that are built upon those components will be invisible unless you have the password or unless you are a member of the group that is permitted to see them”.<A style="mso-endnote-id:edn3" href="#_edn3" name="_ednref3" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[iii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> In such an environment, - a truly magic one - people themselves<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>become information spaces.</SPAN></DIV><H1>Building, cars and people become information spaces</H1><DIV class="MsoNormal">In an attempt to achieve a harmony between a town center and a distribution network, officials of the Wal-Mart Corporation announced in March 2003 the opening of Walton Township, guaranteeing its residents a literally bottomless supply of consumer goods, for a flat all-in monthly fee.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>According to Valerie Femble-Grieg, who designed it, the key to Walton is “a literal superimposition of municipal and retail channels."<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>In an effort to control 'leakage,' the export of flat-fee goods outside the Township by community subscribers, Wal-Mart plans to institute a pervasive inventory control system consisting of miniature radio-frequency tags broadcasting unique product and batch ID numbers.”<A style="mso-endnote-id: edn4" href="#_edn4" name="_ednref4" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[iv]</SPAN></SPAN></A> The tree major U.S. car manufacturers plan to install rfd tags in “ every tire sold in the nation”. The tags can be read on vehicles going as fast as 160 kilometers per hour from a distance of 4.5 meters.<A style="mso-endnote-id: edn5" href="#_edn5" name="_ednref5" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[v]</SPAN></SPAN></A><I> </I><SPAN style="">In January 2003, Gillette began attaching rfd tags to 500 million of its Mach 3 Turbo razors. Smart shelves at Wal-Mart stores “will record the removal of razors by shoppers, thereby alerting stock clerks whenever shelves need to be refilled—and effectively transforming Gillette customers into walking radio beacons.”<A style="mso-endnote-id:edn6" href="#_edn6" name="_ednref6" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[vi]</SPAN></SPAN></A> London Underground will in all probality have about 10.000 CCTV’s<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>by 2004 (it now has 5000). The systems architecture - MIPSA , Modular Intelligent Pedestrian Surveillance Architecture - is programmed with scenarios – “such as unattended objects, too much congestion, or people loitering - and when it detects one of those, it alerts the operator through a series of flashing lights and messages.” </SPAN></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><I>“To determine what is suspect, the system memorizes the features of an image that are constant, and then subtracts those to figure out what is happening. It looks at patterns of motion and their intensity. Things that are stationary for too long in a busy environment raise alarms..”</I><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn7" href="#_edn7" name="_ednref7" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote"><I>[vii]</I></SPAN></SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">When computational processes disappear, the environment becomes the interface. In such an environment - where the computer has disappeared as visible technology - and human beings have become designable and designerly information spaces - design decisions inevitably become <I>process decisions</I><SPAN style="">. Are our current designers equipped to deal with these fundamental issues and dilemma’s, where what used to be </SPAN><I>media ethics</I><SPAN style=""> has now become </SPAN><I>building ethics</I><SPAN style=""> itself?</SPAN></DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none">In the November 2002 <I>Proposal for a School of Design at the University of California, Irvine </I><SPAN style="">it is recognized that design education has to confront a fundamentally changed situation of design: “To be effective, designers can no longer focus simply on the narrow domains of specific applications. They must increasingly reach deeper and more broadly into the foundations of design, and they must understand more about the cultural contexts in which their designs are created and used. </SPAN><I>They are now called upon not only to produce new products but also to manage the processes by which the products are produced. </I><SPAN style="">They must also understand more about the ways products are used and the people who use them, about how to involve users in a design process, and about how to evaluate designs based upon usage.”<A style="mso-endnote-id:edn8" href="#_edn8" name="_ednref8" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[viii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Design decisions have become process decisions.</SPAN></P><H1>Design education means confronting multiple literacies: textual, visual, and corporal</H1><DIV class="MsoNormal"><I> </I><O:P></O:P></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><I>“As thousands of ordinary people buy monitoring devices and services, the unplanned result will be an immense, overlapping grid of surveillance systems, created unintentionally by the same ad-hocracy that caused the Internet to explode. Meanwhile, the computer networks on which monitoring data are stored and manipulated continue to grow faster, cheaper, smarter, and able to store information in greater volume for longer times. Ubiquitous digital surveillance will marry widespread computational power—with startling results.”</I><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn9" href="#_edn9" name="_ednref9" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote"><I>[ix]</I></SPAN></SPAN></A></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Every new set of techniques brings forth its own literacy: The Aristotelian protests against introducing pencil writing, may seem rather incredible now, at the time it meant nothing less than a radical change in the structures of power distribution. Overnight, a system of thought and set of grammar; an oral literacy dependant on a functionality of <I>internal </I><SPAN style="">information visualization techniques and recall, was made redundant because the techniques could be externalised. Throughout Western civilization the history of memory externalisation runs parallel with the experienced disappearance of its artificial, man made, character. An accidental disappearance, however much intrinsic to our experience, that up till now has not been deliberate. This then is the fundamental change and challenge that we are facing in ubicomp; the </SPAN><I>deliberate </I><SPAN style="">attempt of a technology to disappear as technology. </SPAN></DIV><H1><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Rethinking skills, literacies and research<O:P></O:P></SPAN></H1><DIV class="MsoNormal">The main question from a design educational point of view concerns the kind of skills and kind of literacies that a designer needs to function. And these turn out to be those that are most foreign to an educational practice today, as this new situation needs designers that can assess emergent literacies, unforeseen uses, unintended use, and <I>resonance</I><SPAN style=""> – not interaction – as the key producer of causalities. For such a designer the default position is one of </SPAN><I>uncertainty,</I><SPAN style=""> of being able to cope with a continuous delaying of the act of closure, of an ‘end’.</SPAN></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">In the new 754i BMW sedan the iDrive, also known as the miracle knob<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>“is designed, through a computerized console, to replace more than 200 that control everything from the position of seats to aspects of the navigation of the car itself to climate, communications and entertainment systems.” In May 2002 15,000 7-series were recalled. "BMW tried to do too many things at once with this car, and they underestimated the software problem," says Conley, ex-CEO of EPRO Corp." Only two-thirds of hardware has been unleashed by software. There are so many predecessors and dependencies within software that it's like spaghetti-ware. It's not that easy to get all these little components to plug and play." <A style="mso-endnote-id:edn10" href="#_edn10" name="_ednref10" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[x]</SPAN></SPAN></A></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><I>Bemoaning the loss of old skills is probably not the most productive way to critique the new technologies.</I><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><I> </I></SPAN><I>The greater need is to recognize that, precisely *because* of the labor-saving capabilities of our high-tech tools, the art of mastery demands greater skills and more arduous discipline than ever before.</I><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn11" href="#_edn11" name="_ednref11" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote"><I>[xi]</I></SPAN></SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></DIV><H1><SPAN lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"><I>Rethinking research</I><O:P></O:P></SPAN></H1><DIV class="MsoNormal">The editors of the first volume of Visual Communication, claim that: “at the same time as the study of language and communication has become more openly oriented towards practical problems, the practice of designing visual communications has become more openly allied to research.”<A style="mso-endnote-id:edn12" href="#_edn12" name="_ednref12" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[xii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> The working notion of research, however in current academies is deeply infested with a sterile theory-practice dichotomy that functioned in a mechanistic worldview, but is hardly productive in a ubicomp world. We face the challenge of rethinking research as a <I>performative practice</I><SPAN style=""> based on creating applications for societal benefit. There are very few ubicomp applications at the moment that do not focus on control or surveillance issues. That there is a great need for applications that empower users in dealing with uncertain situations is witnessed by the fact that Pervasive Computing published my work-in-progress in the Jan-March 2003 issue.</SPAN></DIV><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><B>UBICOMP TO PROVIDE FEEDBACK FOR PEOPLE WITH OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER</B></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><B>Rob van Kranenburg • Resonance Design </B></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><I>Roger was a successful vice president of a bank, unremarkable in every respect, except one. Before starting a task, he had to pull his socks up and down five times. Exactly five. Roger (not his real name) had obsessive-compulsive disorder. Like a skipping record, OCD patients repeat an act or repeatedly think about a phrase, number, or concept. "Most of us are able to switch things off," says Hopkins professor of psychiatry Rudolf Hoehn-Saric. "In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the person can't." (M. Hendricks, "The Man Who Couldn't Stop Adjusting His Socks," Johns Hopkins Magazine, June 1995; <A href="http://www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/695web/socks.html">www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/695web/socks.html</A>)</I></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">In the US and Netherlands, one in 50 adults currently has OCD, and twice as many have had it at some point in their lives. OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing, creating a loop in the feedback procedure so that people miss the "ka-chung" that closes a car door or the click that shuts down the television. According to the Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation,</P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><I>Worries, doubts, and superstitious beliefs all are common in everyday life. However, when they become so excessive, such as hours of hand washing, or make no sense at all, such as driving around and around the block to check that an accident didn't occur, then a diagnosis of OCD is made. In OCD, it is as though the brain gets stuck on a particular thought or urge and just can't let go. People with OCD often say the symptoms feel like a case of mental hiccups that won't go away. OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing. It is not your fault or the result of a "weak" or unstable personality. (The Obsessive-Compulsive Foundation, </I><A href="http://www.ocfoundation.org/ocf1010a.htm"><I>www.ocfoundation.org/ocf1010a.htm</I></A><I>)</I></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">How could ubicomp be instrumental here? Phase 1 is researching if ubicomp applications can assess if a person has a tendency for audio, visual, tactile, or other kinds of feedback that would signal the task scenario's closure. In Phase 2, we would have to access, for example, if visual feedback on clothing or another appliance could break the chain of repetition for a person who functions on visual feedback but is dealing with an apparatus that does not provide such feedback. Working closely with psychiatrists and OCD patients, in Phase 3 we could test whether such ubiquitous computing applications could break the loop of repetition, assuming that it is the kind of feedback that is responsible for the taskloop's nonclosure.</P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">A group of researchers performed experiments and concluded that "the OCD group performed significantly worse than controls in the temporal ordering task despite showing normal recognition memory. Patients were also impaired in ‘feeling-of-doing' judgments, suggesting they have a lack of self-awareness of their performance" (M.A. Jurado et al., "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Patients are Impaired in Remembering Temporal Order and in Judging Their Own Performance," J. Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 24, no. 3, 2002, pp. 261–269).</P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt">Based on these findings, research into ubicomp applications could focus on temporal markers and serendipitous feedback scripting into various scenarios to raise self-awareness. </P><P class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:35.4pt;mso-pagination:none">The three phases just discussed are being developed within the framework of contemporary performance and theatrical practice. There we find an actualization of (and ways of dealing with) the bottleneck scenarios that information experts envision.</P><P class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none">In the framework of theatrical practice we can create authentic educational scenarios that allow the research of<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>multi-literacies to be shaped into working methodologies on information overload (here on ‘feedback’) for designers. The educational design challenge in implementing digital connectivity in an analogue environment lies in creating a working concept of corporal literacy that will inform a <I>design for all the senses.</I><SPAN style=""> </SPAN><SPAN lang="NL" style="mso-ansi-language:NL">There is more information available at our fingertips during a walk in the woods, says Mark Weiser, than in any computer system, “yet people find a walk among trees relaxing and computers frustrating. Machines that fit the human environment, instead of forcing humans to enter theirs, will make using a computer as refreshing as taking a walk in the woods.”<A style="mso-endnote-id: edn13" href="#_edn13" name="_ednref13" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[xiii]</SPAN></SPAN></A><O:P></O:P></SPAN></P><P class="heading1" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt; margin-left:0in;mso-pagination:none">Vision<O:P></O:P></P><P class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination:none">One of the most intriguing aspects of Bauhaus is that the most successful unit, – the unit coming ‘closest to Bauhaus intentions’, as Gropius stated, the pottery workshop – was located 25 kilometers from Weimar, in Dornburg. It was hard to reach by train, and hard to reach by car. The workshop master Max Krehan owned the workshop, so there was a business interest from the start. The relationship with Marcks , the Master of Form, was not contaminated with formalized roundtable discussions, but was a productive twoway (abstract-concrete) interrelationship.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></P><DIV class="MsoNormal"><I>“More important still, in terms of what Gropius hoped for the entire Bauhaus, was the way in which the pottery workshop operated in close co-operation with the local community in which it found itself. It made pots for the community and the town of Dornburg leased the workshop a plot of land which the students used for vegetables and on which, it was hoped, they would build.”</I><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn14" href="#_edn14" name="_ednref14" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote"><I>[xiv]</I></SPAN></SPAN></A></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">So what can we learn from this? That we must not aim to define, alter or transform practices, processes, places or people. The aim should be to define a vision. A vision that should be able to inspire and empower designers in their concrete experience of agency in this seemingly undesignerly new world, towards a humanistic and optimistic positive attitude in the role, function and <I>leadership</I><SPAN style=""> of the designer in his and her capability to make sense, to work within an </SPAN><I>uncertain </I><SPAN style="">framework of unforeseen consequences, unintended uses, and procedural breakdown. </SPAN></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Three basic ideas underlie this vision: a concept of life and living as <I>slow becoming</I><SPAN style="">, as in Eugène Minkowsky’s idea that the essence of life is not “ a feeling of being, of existence, but a feeling of </SPAN><I>participation</I><SPAN style=""> in a flowing onward, necessarily expressed in terms of time, and secondarily expressed in terms of space.”<A style="mso-endnote-id: edn15" href="#_edn15" name="_ednref15" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character:footnote">[xv]</SPAN></SPAN></A>, a concept of </SPAN><I>slow money</I><SPAN style="">, to focus on the design process and sustainability of design products, and a working concept of our notion of control, as </SPAN><I>slow resonance</I><SPAN style="">.</SPAN></DIV><H1>References</H1><DIV style="mso-element:endnote-list"><BR clear="all"><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn1"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn1" href="#_ednref1" name="_edn1" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[i]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Ranger, Steve. Shops reveal plans to replace barcodes. Vnut, 04-09-2002. <A href="http://www.vnunet.com/News/1134796">http://www.vnunet.com/News/1134796</A></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn2"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn2" href="#_ednref2" name="_edn2" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[ii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Weiser,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Mark "The Computer for the Twenty-First Century," <I>Scientific American,</I><SPAN style=""> pp. 94-10, September 1991</SPAN></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn3"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn3" href="#_ednref3" name="_edn3" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[iii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Junnarkar, Sandeep. Designing the century's first digital city. CNET News.com, September 18, 2002, 12:00 PM PT <A href="http://news.com.com/2008-1082-958461.html">http://news.com.com/2008-1082-958461.html</A></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn4"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn4" href="#_ednref4" name="_edn4" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[iv]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Futurefeedforward" <A href="mailto:fff@futurefeedforward.com">fff@futurefeedforward.com</A> Date: Sun Mar 23, 2003, By Bruce Sterling </DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn5"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn5" href="#_ednref5" name="_edn5" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[v]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Farmer, Dan and Mann, Charles C. Surveillance Nation, Technology Review, April 2003</DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn6"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn6" href="#_ednref6" name="_edn6" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[vi]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Farmer, Dan and Mann, Charles C. Surveillance Nation, Technology Review, April 2003</DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn7"><DIV class="Default"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn7" href="#_ednref7" name="_edn7" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[vii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> <SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Times New Roman">Campbell, Kim. Stand still too long and you'll be watched New imaging software alerts surveillance-camera operators to suspect situations by monitoring patterns of motion .Christian Science Monitor <A href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1107/p17s01-stct.htm">http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1107/p17s01-stct.htm</A></FONT><O:P></O:P></SPAN></DIV><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"> <O:P></O:P></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn8"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn8" href="#_ednref8" name="_edn8" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[viii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> University of California, Irvine. <I>Proposal for a School of Design at the University of California, Irvine </I><SPAN style="">November 2002, <A href="http://www.evc.uci.edu/growth/design/SoD-proposal.pdf">http://www.evc.uci.edu/growth/design/SoD-proposal.pdf</A></SPAN></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn9"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn9" href="#_ednref9" name="_edn9" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[ix]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Farmer,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Dan and Mann, Charles C. Surveillance Nation, Technology Review, April 2003</DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn10"><DIV class="MsoNormal"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn10" href="#_ednref10" name="_edn10" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[x]</SPAN></SPAN></A> <SPAN style=""><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13.3333px;">Gage, Debbie. Consumer Products: When Software Bugs Bite, January 16, 2003 <A href="http://www.baselinemag.com/print_article/0,3668,a=35839,00.asp">http://www.baselinemag.com/print_article/0,3668,a=35839,00.asp</A>></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn11"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn11" href="#_ednref11" name="_edn11" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[xi]</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Talbott, Steve. Subject: NetFuture #141 Issue #141. A Publication of The Nature Institute, January 28, 2003.</DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn12"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn12" href="#_ednref12" name="_edn12" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[xii]</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>Editorial, Visual Communication, volume 1, number 1, February 2OO2 ISSN 1470-3572</DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn13"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn13" href="#_ednref13" name="_edn13" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[xiii]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Weiser, Mark "The Computer for the Twenty-First Century," <I>Scientific American,</I><SPAN style=""> pp. 94-10, September 1991</SPAN></DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn14"><DIV class="MsoFootnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn14" href="#_ednref14" name="_edn14" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[xiv]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Whitford, Frank, Bauhaus, Thames & Hudson, 1984, p. 73-4</DIV></DIV><DIV style="mso-element:endnote" id="edn15"><DIV class="MsoEndnoteText"><A style="mso-endnote-id:edn15" href="#_ednref15" name="_edn15" title=""><SPAN class="MsoEndnoteReference"><SPAN style="mso-special-character: footnote">[xv]</SPAN></SPAN></A> Bachelard, Gaston. The Poetics of Space. Foreword by Etienne Gilson, Beacon, 1969, p. xii in the Introduction.</DIV></DIV></DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV><BR><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">What opportunities and dilemmas does a world of networked objects and spaces</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">pose for architecture, art, and computing? How might this evolving relation</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">between people and "things" alter the way we occupy, navigate, and inhabit the</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">built environment? </DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BODY></HTML>