<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV class="MsoNormal">There have been several instances in this discussion where I have wanted to make a timely contribution … if only the obligations of first life would ease up! So ... please consider this response to not only Trebor but to other posts in this exchange as well.</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Once again, it may well be beneficial to invoke an historical perspective on the culture of the Internet – the web 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and so forth. In response to Trebor’s earlier statement:</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#141EFF"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#141EFF">The ideology of most dominant Web 2.0 commentators is build on the logic of capital as a necessity. The fact that their writing causes interest</FONT></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#141EFF">mostly in entrepreneurs and business consultants shows that their pro free-market economics interests are well catered to by this group that</FONT></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#141EFF">also often aims to teach business how to run a "smooth show," understand the cultural habits of youth, and still profit nicely.</FONT></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Ahhhh, yes … and no … as this has been the case on the dominant realm of the internet since approx. 1996-97 with, as we know, the advent and implemention of B-2-B. To quickly re-cap: this overwhelming force of entrepreneurship and commercialization eclipsed the ideologies (as neo-liberterian as most were) and idealism of web cultures. Couple this with the concurrent rise of neo-liberalism ( in the USA and globally ) as well as the regressive policies implemented and ideologies advanced by the Bush administration in the USA. As such, there has been little-to-no advance and even less cross-visibility to models that do not speak of an economic imperative. Conversely, there has been a retrenchment of spirit, ideals and viable infrastructures for the forms of the non-profit sector that advanced during the 60’s and 70’s and which gave rise to organizations such as KPFK/KPFA, etc. </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">These principles initially and visibly began to erode in the early 80’s in non-profits with the introduction of corporate business principles and financial gurus such as Peter Drucker – to get things in order. This new order quickly formed a Parthenon to non-profit administrators then dependent upon federal, state and local public funding, as corporate and foundation funding. The public funders increasing sought matching funding from their corporate and foundation “partners.” For organizations such as KPFK/KPFA - who were already marginalized as leftist’s threats to the viability of capitalist socio-economic structure – their ability to raise necessary funding in such a climate was clearly jeopardized. Their abilities and support to do an end-run around the system is evidenced by their continued and principled existence. The individual sacrifices necessary to such a commitment are self-evident. The underliying questions are where else do we find that today … and how do we as a society/culture offer reciprocal due respect and value?</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Getting back to the 80's reframing of the public realm - I do know this to be the case as I was a witness . As a very young and naïve curator I attended a number of those management seminars as part and parcel of my “professionalization” via the Museum Management Institute. Clearly, the stance of corporate America was to get those young, chaotic, upstarts in line or else all hell might break loose. This was especially true as Ronald Reagan initially took office in 1980 in the USA. The relevant analogy here revolves around the same quest for control of the "chaos" inherent in the early days of the internet. In the 21st c, it appears that the quest for control does not come neatly packaged under the rubric of stereotypic governmental totalitarianism. Rather, it insidiously appeals to an individuals' own self-interest and economic ambitions as a mode of self-control in the service of the dominant socio-economic realm. Rather old stuff on a grand scale to be sure!</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">In the USA and specifically for media (experimental) and individual artists, this flourish ( arguably ) of public support finally concluded for the most part in the mid 90’s. The “old-fashioned” notion of Public Funding, Public Service was successfully undermined and often derided as anachronistic. This then permutated into a collective form of a narcissism invisibly cloaked (maybe not so much!) by an economically driven careerism and the opportunities afforded by gold-rush days of .com … which extended into the increasingly privatized public sector (including the academy.)</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Such was the nascent growth of neo-liberalism. One did not have to loose their principles – so to speak. You just had to (re)frame them within an economic format that would make things operable within the dominant economic system. It was practical, one could get things done relatively quickly and could “succeed,” leading to an increasing flow of capital into the non-profit sector. Certainly, the stinging echo of the 60’s phrase “selling out” took on a whole new meaning. </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">But the permutation into a more "refined" realm social and cultural entrepreneurship developed during the 90’s and is flourishing today – especially in California and the Bay Area. Within a particularly American frame – it simply made sense. Within a frame of 60’s ideology it simply was a mode of a well-fed survival – a compromise to be sure, but what other choice did one have?</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">However, now we find ourselves in an ever-present world of surface play – which unquestionably lends itself to the B-2-B underpinnings and profit margins of social networking. The complexities, which contribute to this construct, range from the ever-growing power and agency of a rather perverse melding of the database, surveillance and consumerism. Could it be that our “products” – aka - “our selves” could be considered as cultural artifacts of digital media and technological practices that exist as yet another form of corporate branding? I brand … therefore … I am. And, if one were to accept this position, isn’t that in essence the most accurate reflection of digital media, cultural, social visual practices today?</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">I fully realize that this is nothing new, artists have been raising these issues for 20 years +. Barbara Krueger’s “ I shop therefore I am” was created when – in 1985? However, the more salient question is – who has been watching and who has been listening to them amidst an ever shrinking support and audience for “ that type of work? “ When will we have a public sector which supports (through funding) sustained forms of critique as one of many forms necessary to advancing understandings of the world. Quite simply, we are left with surface play – with decoration – which is always fun and whose nano-second shelf-life is well-suited for our ADD attention spans. When we become so totally dependent upon the industries, the tired clichés and intimidations associated with of biting the hand that feeds you, become so relentlessly obvious as to render them mute. But even in their muteness, can the neo-conceptual strategies so evident in digital art practices save the day or do they simply extend the surface curvature? These conceptual practices have been evident in digital media /art practices – but have they been evident in the spheres of digital communication practices, analyses and social networking?</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Fernanad Braudel has written “ Multinational corporations (some significantly larger than many countries) and the blind market forces of late capitalism have fabricated a borderless accelerated space based solely around the transformation, manipulation and flow of capital. Silently the world has slipped out from under us as we dreamt our televised dreams, our souls shanghaied by a culture of greed that is adrift on a reality that has become severely overexposed. We now confront a reality that has become psychically overstuffed; a mad accumulation of reality that is bifurcating between the real as we know it, and the teleschizoid assemblages that we have yet to fully formulate.”</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">No longer do we have the utopian notions of the buddy system which seemed to proliferate during the days of the early Internet where anything went – at least for a couple of years. However, we do have a memory of a time past which gnaws at a future… a future that has been burdened by our own creations …creations that may have been absconded with and nullified by our own ambitions, greed and carelessness. At the same time our conscience pulls at us back. We have been faced with a system in which culturally embedded protocols, signs, referents, are endlessly being recycled with the hope that some overlooked freak mutation might catch fire…. again … and again … and again. But to what end is the ever-ready question. Is the social play only as viable as long as the money holds out to support its technological infrastructure? Or do we rediscover that “old-fashioned” notion of public service – despite the seduction of possibly making millions ( yes, the ante is certainly up – at least seemingly for guys in the 18-33 demographic ) When ( and how ) do we collectively give value to the currencies embedded in public service and alterity that will be necessary to not only establish but to maintain it's centrality.?</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">All to say, in response to Trebor’s question <FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#0F20FF">What would it take to build a public, independent, non-profit MySpace?</FONT> One reply might be Idealism, an idealism that takes on the material form of a nourishing infrastructure and public initiative to secure long-term committed public funding – without purse strings attached to congressional or corporate oversight – and to clear and unfettered channels of distribution. </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Now … I’m hoping that this might engender any number of varied responses. Your move.</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"> </DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">All best,</DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV class="MsoNormal">Chris</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR><DIV><DIV>On Jun 21, 2007, at 10:43 AM, Trebor Scholz wrote:</DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><DIV>Hi Alex,</DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>I really appreciate that you bring up the issue of social class and </DIV><DIV>I'd add gender--difference in general, alterity.</DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>The ideology of most dominant Web 2.0 commentators is build on the logic</DIV><DIV>of capital as a necessity. The fact that their writing causes interest</DIV><DIV>mostly in entrepreneurs and business consultants shows that their pro</DIV><DIV>free-market economics interests are well catered to by this group that</DIV><DIV>also often aims to teach business how to run a "smooth show," understand</DIV><DIV>the cultural habits of youth, and still profit nicely. </DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>Much of the most visible writing about the sociable web reduces</DIV><DIV>networked publics to their function as consumers, ignoring them in their</DIV><DIV>role as lovers, parents, citizens, or working poor. In the few cases</DIV><DIV>that people are addresses in these roles, the commentary comes from a</DIV><DIV>market perspective. </DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>The sociable web can do more to represent people's lives and rights and</DIV><DIV>their well-being; it is not merely an engine for wealth production. We</DIV><DIV>should not give up on fundamental human desires. On the contrary, we</DIV><DIV>should formulate and collectively demand ethical ground rules of the</DIV><DIV>social web!! </DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>I’m not talking about ethics in the sense of religion and also not about</DIV><DIV>ethics as an overarching set of moral norms that can be arbitrarily</DIV><DIV>plugged in to manipulate people toward ideological ends. An ethics</DIV><DIV>rather, that grows out of specific situations and leads to a call to the</DIV><DIV>right not to be mistreated. What constitutes betrayal or even evil in</DIV><DIV>relationship to the corporate social operating systems that we partake</DIV><DIV>in? For me, the impotence of Facebook users with respect to their</DIV><DIV>communal captivity is deeply puzzling. </DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>Online social life can also be supported by public, independent</DIV><DIV>initiatives or hybrid forms. How can we apply the principles of public</DIV><DIV>broadcast media (i.e. KPFA or even NPR) to social networking? What would</DIV><DIV>it take to build a public, independent, non-profit MySpace?</DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>I'm sorry that this note lacks examples. I'll also not be able to</DIV><DIV>respond right away as I'm off for some time in the woods but I look</DIV><DIV>forward to your response.</DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>-Trebor</DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>_______________________________________________</DIV><DIV>iDC -- mailing list of the Institute for Distributed Creativity (distributedcreativity.org)</DIV><DIV><A href="mailto:iDC@mailman.thing.net">iDC@mailman.thing.net</A></DIV><DIV><A href="http://mailman.thing.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/idc">http://mailman.thing.net/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/idc</A></DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>List Archive:</DIV><DIV><A href="http://mailman.thing.net/pipermail/idc/">http://mailman.thing.net/pipermail/idc/</A></DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>iDC Photo Stream:</DIV><DIV><A href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/idcnetwork/">http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/idcnetwork/</A></DIV><DIV><BR></DIV><DIV>RSS feed:</DIV><DIV><A href="http://rss.gmane.org/gmane.culture.media.idc">http://rss.gmane.org/gmane.culture.media.idc</A></DIV><DIV><BR></DIV> </BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><DIV> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; 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margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; "><FONT face="Century Gothic" size="2" style="font: 10.0px Century Gothic; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><B style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 10px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; 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margin-left: 0px; text-align: -khtml-center; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: -khtml-center; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura"><I style="font-family: Futura; font-style: italic; text-align: -khtml-center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-style: italic; text-align: -khtml-center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-style: italic; text-align: -khtml-center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-style: italic; text-align: -khtml-center; ">- JETZTZEIT</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></I></FONT></FONT><FONT face="Century Gothic" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Century Gothic; font-family: Century Gothic; text-align: center; "><B style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; 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"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-align: center; ; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-align: center; ; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-align: center; ; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-align: center; ; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 7px;; font-family: Century Gothic; text-align: center; "><B style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 7px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><I style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 7px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 7px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 7px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; ">Walter Benjamin</SPAN></SPAN></I></B></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Century Gothic; min-height: 11px; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><B style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "><I style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; "></I></B><BR style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; text-align: center; "></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Century Gothic; min-height: 11px; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Century Gothic; min-height: 11px; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; text-align: center; ">LOS ANGELES I SAN FRANCISCO</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 9px/normal Century Gothic; min-height: 11px; font-family: Century Gothic; font-size: 9px; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;; font-family: Futura; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; ">The present age prefers the sign to the thing signified, the copy to the original, fancy to reality, the appearance to the essence for in these days </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; ">i</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; ">llusion</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura" size="2"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 10px;; font-family: Futura; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#000000"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; ">only is sacred, truth profane.</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;; font-family: Futura; text-align: center; "><I style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></I></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;; font-family: Futura; text-align: center; "><I style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; ">Ludwig Feuerbach, 1804-1872,</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;; font-family: Futura; text-align: center; "><I style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" face="Futura" size="1"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 9px;; font-family: Futura; text-align: center; "><I style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Futura; font-size: 9px; font-style: italic; text-align: center; ">German Philosopher </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>