<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT><DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">On Nov 7, 2007, at 6:00 AM, <A href="mailto:idc-request@mailman.thing.net">idc-request@mailman.thing.net</A> (Karen) wrote:</SPAN></FONT></DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></FONT><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">So perhaps we should not design applications that create</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">in-between-ness directly, instead maybe we might construct frameworks in which</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P> <P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">in-between-ness can emerge depending on people's actions?</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P> </BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR></SPAN></FONT><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">I complement the participants on the quality of the discussion. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">I recommend this discussion be reviewed by those soa-forum participatants who are interested in the original Clinton Administration focus of "e_governance" as a human centric interface between government and individual people. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">I would like to summarize the forum discussion from a viewpoint which I call "second school", and in this way delineate the differences between a first and second school. ( <A href="http://www.secondschool.net">www.secondschool.net</A> )</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Up to now, information technology is characterized as constructed software interfaces that serve some utility while also serving as returns on investment within a specific philosophical school regarding capital formation. Shannon information theory is only part of the philosophical positions that are elevated by the "first school". Due to subtle scientific and philosophical issues, hard to capture in the first school mindset, the alternatives to the first school are not developed except in scholars language such as what enfolds in the idc e-forum, and a few other places. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">A second school about information recognizes more fully the situated-ness of individual human experience and seeks to define computer human interfaces that capitalize the in-between nature of the experience of location within various worlds, social, personal, physical. </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Maturana and Varela's work on autopoiesis certainly gives us one approach to understanding the in-between-ness of situated awareness. The idc forum often mentions both social biologists' foundation works. I would include in foundational work the work on action-perception cycles developed by J. J. Gibson </SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">From wiki on Gibson:</SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></DIV><DIV><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><B><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">James Jerome Gibson</SPAN></FONT></B></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> (</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_27"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">January 27</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">, </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">1904</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">–</SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_11"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">December 11</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">, </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">1979</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">), was an </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">American</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologist"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">psychologist</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">, considered one of the most important </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">20th century</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> psychologists in the field of </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">visual perception</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">. In his classic work </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><I><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">The Perception of the Visual World</SPAN></FONT></I></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> (</SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">1950</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">) he rejected the fashionable </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">behaviorism</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> for a view based on his own experimental work, which pioneered the idea that animals 'sampled' information from the 'ambient' outside world. He also coined the term '</SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordance"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">affordance</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">', meaning the interactive possibilities of a particular object or environment. This concept has been extremely influential in the field of </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">design</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> and </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomics"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">ergonomics</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">: see for example the work of </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Norman"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Donald Norman</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> who worked with Gibson, and has adapted many of his ideas for his own theories.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px;"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">In his later work (such as, for example, </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><I><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception</SPAN></FONT></I></SPAN><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; "><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> (1979)), Gibson became more philosophical and criticised </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitivism"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">cognitivism</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> in the same way he had attacked behaviorism before. Gibson argued strongly in favour of 'direct perception', or '</SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_realism"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">direct realism</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">' (as pioneered by the Scottish philosopher </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Reid"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Thomas Reid</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">), as opposed to cognitivist 'indirect realism'. He termed his new approach </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_psychology"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">ecological psychology</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">. He also rejected the </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_processing"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">information processing</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"> view of cognition. Gibson is increasingly influential on many contemporary movements in </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">psychology</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">, particularly those considered to be </SPAN></FONT><A href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-cognitivist"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" color="#1231B2"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">post-cognitivist</SPAN></FONT></FONT></A><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4">I suggest that t<SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">he Gibsonian concept of affordance is of particular interest "if" computer interfaces are to evolve under some type of measure derived from the action to be taken. Gibson and Karl Pribram had many discussions about the nature of affordance; and there are many nuances captured by the group at Univ of Conn, school of Ecological Psychology (Shaw and Turvey). We enter the field of "complex natural systems" and the need for Robert Rosen's definition of complexity. Rosen's definition is essentially that all natural systems other than formal systems are complex, and all formal system are simple (non-complex). Cognitive maps like Topic Maps can be complex when experienced by a human interpretant (CS Peirce). Mathematics and RDF-OWL ontology is simple (non-complex) but complicated when used as fixed truth. * These statements are "second school" in nature.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">The question of how the affordances possible in a situation are to be modeled has been a key element of work done with web ontology languages, particularly in the context of defining service architectures. These service architectures are full "anticipatory" if and only if the action consequences can be modeled within the context of being situated prior to those consequences. (footnote to a longer paper on anticipatory design)</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">The schools here are using W3C standards based on what is called RDF and OWL - with primary application in business, government and military. The application is clearly "first school" however - and perhaps luckily. </SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Topic maps are used by some who are at least intuitively aware of the issue of in-between-ness as situated. </SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">There are specific issues that have to be resolved in order that the correct formal tool, ie. Topic Maps, be applied in a second school fashion, so that "the shape of a string" is addressed in the fashion suggested by Wittgenstein in his "Blue and Brown Books".</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Thank you all again of the thoughtful dialog, and please excuse any error I may have made in my presentation. </SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">Paul...</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;">footnote on anticipatory design:</SPAN></FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 6.0px 0.0px; line-height: 19.0px"><A href="http://www.ontologystream.com/beads/nationalDebate/challengeProblem.htm">http://www.ontologystream.com/beads/nationalDebate/challengeProblem.htm</A> <FONT class="Apple-style-span" size="4"><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 14px;"></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BODY></HTML>