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    Hi,<br>
    <br>
    My name is Seeta Peña Gangadharan. I'm very new to this group. Just
    caught wind of this particular thread and wanted to share a piece
    that seems relevant to the conversation. <br>
    <br>
    The <a href="http://nms.sagepub.com/content/11/1-2/279.short">article</a>
    is: "Mail Art: Networking without Technology." I looked at the
    cultural practices of mail artists and other networked artists in
    the San Francisco Bay Area, and how their work crossed paths with
    early adopters of the internet (e.g., the virtual community of The
    Well in the mid 80s). My argument had to do with the way that
    networked art supported an emerging, tech-based discourse around
    networked culture. The encounters between mail artists, other
    networked artists, alternative arts groups like La Mamelle, and
    folks at The Well served as important breeding ground for network
    logics. These encounters were not exploring technical aspects of
    digital networks per se... but cultural ones related to play
    (pseudonymity, anonymity), egalitarianism, collaboration, and other
    relational ideals.<br>
    <br>
    Related to Heidi's original questions, the connections between mail
    art, pre-digital networked arts, net art, and more seem evident to
    me, especially when considering the role of alternative arts groups
    like La Mamelle. A whole slew of artists passed through this
    community of practice; and while some stayed within their own,
    original domains, others moved from one medium to the next and
    experimented in new ways. The sum of experiences, I think,
    contributed to current day understandings and experiences of network
    culture.<br>
    <br>
    Anyway... sounds like an amazing project and I wish you the best
    with it.<br>
    <br>
    Seeta<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    On 12/19/10 9:44 AM, Radhika Gajjala wrote:
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:AANLkTin0abhLOwHL88-+MERUrXSogPp61FKrQ9nVJi0Q@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">Good point Aharon.<br>
      <br>
      might be� a good idea to start doing a search for locative media
      (art) as well... and see how it connects/relates to the notion of
      networked art<br>
      <br>
      Dale Hudson and Patricia Zimmerman have some work about Locative
      media where they talk about the <br>
      spatio-temporal reconfiguring that that reflects...<br>
      <br>
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</style><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">Hudson, D.,
        &amp; Zimmermann, P. R. (2009). TAKING
        THINGS APART: LOCATIVE MEDIA, MIGRATORY ARCHIVES, AND
        MICROPUBLICS. <i style="">Afterimage</i>, 36(4), 15-19.</span>
      <br>
      <br>
      also - I dont know how many of you are also on the Air-l list proc
      - but recently there was an exchange about MMORPGS and Virtual
      worlds and<br>
      someone fwded a link to a thesis that does an interesting critique
      that in my reading dislodges the ever continuing binary of virtual
      and real in the<br>
      way that we articulate our research projects... (see <br>
      <a moz-do-not-send="true"
        href="http://info.tse.fi/julkaisut/vk/Ae11_2009.pdf"
        target="_blank">http://info.tse.fi/julkaisut/vk/Ae11_2009.pdf</a>
      )<br>
      <br>
      r<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Dec 18, 2010 at 7:02 PM, <span
          dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
            href="mailto:aha@aharonic.net">aha@aharonic.net</a>&gt;</span>
        wrote:<br>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt
          0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);
          padding-left: 1ex;">Hi Heidi and all,<br>
          <br>
          I do, like Brian, think you are researching a very very
          interesting subject.<br>
          <br>
          However reading through the posts a question came up. Can it
          be that<br>
          the very interesting struggles/questions you are having are
          precisely<br>
          because art you refer to resists definitions based on
          materiality,<br>
          media, concepts, political stance, locality, etc..?<br>
          <br>
          All the best!<br>
          <br>
          Aharon<br>
          xx<br>
          <div>
            <div class="h5"><br>
              <br>
              <br>
              Quoting Heidi May &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="mailto:mayh@ecuad.ca">mayh@ecuad.ca</a>&gt;:<br>
              <br>
              &gt; Armin,<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; Thanks for your thoughts. I will have to read over
              your links and<br>
              &gt; think more about all of this. I really appreciate
              your input.<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; For now though, I do want to clarify that I don't
              intend to take a<br>
              &gt; technology-neutral view of networks, I just don't
              want to over-<br>
              &gt; emphasize the technology of the networks. And in
              order to do, I feel<br>
              &gt; that certain theories of being (ie. Jean-Luc Nancy)
              might better<br>
              &gt; inform a fuller and broader understanding of the
              notion of network and<br>
              &gt; network culture. I'm also influenced by Kazys
              Varnelis's writing "The<br>
              &gt; Immediated Now: Network Culture and the Poetics of
              Reality"<br>
              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://varnelis.networkedbook.org/the-immediated-now-network-culture-and-the-poetics-of-reality/"
                target="_blank">http://varnelis.networkedbook.org/the-immediated-now-network-culture-and-the-poetics-of-reality/</a><br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; I am now wondering if there was something in what I
              wrote that gave<br>
              &gt; you that impression (I will have to examine that
              more, maybe there is<br>
              &gt; something I don't see in how I am communicating my
              interests). It<br>
              &gt; could be that I didn't clearly express what I perhaps
              take for granted<br>
              &gt; with my work, in that this is a critical inquiry into
              the role<br>
              &gt; technology plays in our lives. For me, it is quite
              obvious what the<br>
              &gt; advantages are and I think people see this quite
              clearly, and perhaps<br>
              &gt; they see clearly the strong disadvantages. However,
              I'm interested in<br>
              &gt; exploring the complexity and what is not made
              visible. Yes, in some<br>
              &gt; cases, this may be the abstract qualities and the
              symbolic exchanges<br>
              &gt; and the potential for learning. But...the theories of
              learning I refer<br>
              &gt; to discuss how we often actually learn through
              conflict and<br>
              &gt; difference, through situations of tension.<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; "Similar to see mail art as a predecessor for net art
              is all well in a<br>
              &gt; certain sense but in another way it is a bit
              misleading. networks are<br>
              &gt; now near ubiquituous, you have them on your phone and
              on your<br>
              &gt; computer, you have them even in quite remote areas.
              networks and<br>
              &gt; computation are still the major driving engine of
              economic growth -<br>
              &gt; which is something you cant say of the postal
              networks of the<br>
              &gt; 1960s-70s."<br>
              &gt; -- Yes, I'm glad you are pointing these things out as
              it is keeping me<br>
              &gt; in check with the complexity of my research.<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; "Now those net-entrepreneurs still understand the net
              much better than<br>
              &gt; many artists and theorists which is unfortunate
              because what they are<br>
              &gt; planning is both admirably smart and really evil and
              goes on unchecked<br>
              &gt; if people like us focus on producing beautiful ideas
              on the symbolic<br>
              &gt; layer alone. Castells made a big effort to understand
              the net but his<br>
              &gt; assessment is too optimistic and he fetishises the
              network form, so in<br>
              &gt; the end he is deterministic."<br>
              &gt; -- I definitely don't want to rely on Castells, or
              any one theorist.<br>
              &gt; So, I'm wondering if there is anything you feel,
              based on your<br>
              &gt; experience with thinking about all of this, that
              artists and educators<br>
              &gt; of artists should be doing in this area (in the ideal
              situation of<br>
              &gt; course). Speaking as an artist educator, how should
              we be<br>
              &gt; incorporating this subject matter into the projects
              we assign to art<br>
              &gt; students at universities and colleges? How can we
              push artists and<br>
              &gt; theorists forward to participate more with
              understandings of the net?<br>
              &gt; Do you see ANY value at all in revisiting pre-digital
              network<br>
              &gt; practices and perhaps extending some of that
              thinking/working into<br>
              &gt; explorations of current networks, and the
              relationships that transpire<br>
              &gt; and exit with/in the networks? Is philosophical
              thinking of us AS the<br>
              &gt; network helpful in any way and, if so, how can we
              integrate this into<br>
              &gt; art education?<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; Things to think about if you have the time....and
              hopefully you do!<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; Heidi<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt; On 16-Dec-10, at 11:30 PM, Armin Medosch wrote:<br>
              &gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; Heidi,<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; I think a similar approach to yours was tried by
              Simon Pope when he<br>
              &gt;&gt; curated the travelling exhibition Art for
              Networks in 2002. You can<br>
              &gt;&gt; find<br>
              &gt;&gt; a review here: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://www.a-n.co.uk/interface/reviews/single/67732"
                target="_blank">http://www.a-n.co.uk/interface/reviews/single/67732</a><br>
              &gt;&gt; It has been quite a while ago and I don't want to
              misrepresent Simon's<br>
              &gt;&gt; views (you can find an interview here where he
              explains his intentions<br>
              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://sites.google.com/site/ambulantscience/Index/texts"
                target="_blank">http://sites.google.com/site/ambulantscience/Index/texts</a>)<br>
              &gt;&gt; but as far as I understood he wanted to establish
              a richer and<br>
              &gt;&gt; technology neutral understanding of networks;
              this at a time just a<br>
              &gt;&gt; few<br>
              &gt;&gt; years after some artists who were seen at the
              time to be leading<br>
              &gt;&gt; net.artists had very publicly resigned.<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; In my catalogue contribution I consciously
              focused on wrieless free<br>
              &gt;&gt; community networks to highlight the physicality
              and reality of<br>
              &gt;&gt; networks<br>
              &gt;&gt; and that building networks _can_ be concomitant
              with building<br>
              &gt;&gt; communities (which is very different from saying
              that networks foster<br>
              &gt;&gt; communities which was one of the tropes of the
              1990s).<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; The problem with a technology-neutral view of
              networks and<br>
              &gt;&gt; highlighting<br>
              &gt;&gt; just the processes and communications is that you
              are engaging only<br>
              &gt;&gt; with<br>
              &gt;&gt; one specific layer, the top layer of symbolic
              exchanges and human<br>
              &gt;&gt; understandable meanings. Below that however are
              several other layers<br>
              &gt;&gt; which shape those communications insofar as they
              make possible certain<br>
              &gt;&gt; things and disallow others. By ignoring all those
              layers they become a<br>
              &gt;&gt; technological subconsious, a repressed which will
              return, demand its<br>
              &gt;&gt; right to be recognised. It is like you want to
              talk about the beauty<br>
              &gt;&gt; of<br>
              &gt;&gt; mobility culture, i.e. cars without acknowledging
              that they are a<br>
              &gt;&gt; disaster for the environment in quite many ways.<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; Similar to see mail art as a predecessor for net
              art is all well in a<br>
              &gt;&gt; certain sense but in another way it is a bit
              misleading. networks are<br>
              &gt;&gt; now near ubiquituous, you have them on your phone
              and on your<br>
              &gt;&gt; computer,<br>
              &gt;&gt; you have them even in quite remote areas.
              networks and computation are<br>
              &gt;&gt; still the major driving engine of economic growth
              - which is something<br>
              &gt;&gt; you cant say of the postal networks of the
              1960s-70s. For instance,<br>
              &gt;&gt; reading an article on Google recently in the FT
              the author pointed out<br>
              &gt;&gt; how it was Google's strategy to use the mobile
              phone operating system<br>
              &gt;&gt; Android to also get into people's homes, to
              become part of the<br>
              &gt;&gt; infrastructure of networked households. Now
              that's a viral strategy<br>
              &gt;&gt; which is absolutely really stunning as it is
              based on a dialectics<br>
              &gt;&gt; between being very small, very viral, just a
              piece of software, a<br>
              &gt;&gt; widget<br>
              &gt;&gt; voluntarily installed by people on their own
              phones, and this being<br>
              &gt;&gt; brought together at the back end in giant data
              warehouses which<br>
              &gt;&gt; harvest<br>
              &gt;&gt; ever more knowledge about people and their
              relationships.<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; Now those net-entrepreneurs still understand the
              net much better than<br>
              &gt;&gt; any artists and theorists which is unfortunate
              because what they are<br>
              &gt;&gt; planning is both admirably smart and really evil
              and goes on unchecked<br>
              &gt;&gt; if people like us focus on producing beautiful
              ideas on the symbolic<br>
              &gt;&gt; layer alone. Castells made a big effort to
              understand the net but his<br>
              &gt;&gt; assessment is too optimistic and he fetishises
              the network form, so in<br>
              &gt;&gt; the end he is deterministic. Maybe the question
              will soon be how we<br>
              &gt;&gt; defend ourselves against networks, you know,
              skynet and all that ;-)<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; regards<br>
              &gt;&gt; Armin<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt; On Wed, 2010-12-15 at 22:18 -0800, Heidi May
              wrote:<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; What is network and/ or networked art?<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; The main question is quite simple, but as you
              will see I have been<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; delving into philosophy and art history to
              get to a better<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; understanding of the meaning of "network" in
              art:<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; For the past several months I have been
              thinking deeply about this. I<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; spent the summer working on comprehensive
              exam papers for my current<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; PhD program, in which I defined for myself a
              definition of networked<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; art that I felt was perhaps a challenge to
              the mainstream notion of<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; �network�. Without getting too much into the
              literature I based this<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; on (ie. Jean-Luc Nancy), I argued that by
              using the word network, the<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; Internet itself is predominant over any other
              associations we might<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; have (see Sack, 2007 on �network aesthetics�)
              and that if artist<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; educators focus more on what emerges within
              the relations and<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; processes of a network, such as with Internet
              art, then we can<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; perhaps<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; gain new understandings of network culture
              that reflect more the<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; sociocultural aspects as opposed to just the
              technological aspects. I<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; refer to Fluxus practices, most specifically
              mail art, and the ideas<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; explored by George Maciunas and Robert
              Filliou, connecting this to<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; later relational art and participatory art
              practices. My interests<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; pertain to aspects of what I am calling
              �relational learning,� thus I<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; see these networked forms of art to be
              significant...yet not just in<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; terms of individuals collaborating, but most
              importantly on the<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; emergent knowledge that occurs in these
              processes.<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; Within my recent writing, I suggest that we
              need to expand our<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; understanding of networked art in order to
              obtain new understandings<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; of network culture. I have been defining
              �networked art� as the<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; following:<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; �...practices not based on art objects, nor
              digital instruments, but<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; on the relationships and processes that occur
              between individuals<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; (Bazzichelli, 2008; Kimbell, 2006; Saper,
              2001)....Networked art,<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; sometimes described as participation art
              (Frieling, Pellico, &amp;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; Zimbardo, 2008), consists of multiple
              connections made through<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; generative processes, often, but not always,
              incorporating digital<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; technology. In many cases, the production and
              dissemination processes<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; become the artwork itself.�<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; �....New understandings of network culture
              may require us to<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; understand that technology enables social and
              economic activities, as<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; opposed to something that determines society
              (Castells, 2001). This<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; research will examine how art addresses
              aspects of network culture,<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; in<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; terms of it being a sociocultural shift that
              is not limited to<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; digital<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; technology (Varnelis, 2008)...By employing a
              broader understanding of<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; the notion of network within analysis of
              networked art, this research<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; aims to provide deeper understandings of
              network culture...�<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; But after sitting with these ideas for awhile
              now and being<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; confronted<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; with needing to write a research proposal,
              I�m in the doubting phase<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; that I think all graduate students go
              through. Is it really possible<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; to use the term �networked art� in the way I
              would like to without it<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; immediately conjuring up digital practices
              alone? (even though I<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; acknowledge this in my argument) Am I just
              confusing things by saying<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; that I am indeed interested in Internet art
              practices but only<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; aspects<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; I have defined above, and particularly in
              cases of artists who<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; are interdisciplinary vs. strictly �digital�?
              Do people think about<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; the differences between �network art� and
              networked art� the same way<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; they might have distinguished between �net
              art� and �net.art�? In my<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; writing, I opted to go with �networked� over
              �network� because there<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; is more emphasis on being within a process
              (verb. vs. noun), but now<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; I�m starting to regret that, thinking that
              �networked� might clearly<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; imply dependence on an electronic system
              whereas a �network� might<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; allow for more human connection. (For those
              who are familiar....I am<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; a<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; bit torn between Craig Saper�s (2001) use of
              the term �networked art�<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; and Tom Corby�s (2006) use of the term
              �network art�)<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; To make matters somewhat worse, I've been
              told by someone I respect<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; in<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; this area that the notion of "network" is not
              heavily dependent on<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; "internet," considering the long history of
              network associations<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; before the internet. But this is someone who
              is quite knowledgeable<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; of<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; network notions in academia and English
              literature, and I question if<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; those outside of academia feel the same way
              today. Speaking as an<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; artist who teaching art at universities and
              college, I feel that<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; "networked art" is immediately associated
              with digital and new media.<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; Thoughts? Opinions?<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; thanks,<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; Heidi May<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; ..................<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; HEIDI MAY<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://heidimay.ca" target="_blank">http://heidimay.ca</a><br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://postself.wordpress.com" target="_blank">http://postself.wordpress.com</a><br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://heidimay.wordpress.com" target="_blank">http://heidimay.wordpress.com</a><br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; Instructor, Emily Carr University of Art +
              Design.<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                href="http://www.ecuad.ca/people/profile/14163"
                target="_blank">http://www.ecuad.ca/people/profile/14163</a><br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt; PhD student, University of British Columbia.
              <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://edcp.educ.ubc.ca/"
                target="_blank">http://edcp.educ.ubc.ca/</a><br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
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              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
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              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;<br>
              &gt;&gt;&gt;
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      </div>
      <br>
      <br clear="all">
      <br>
      -- <br>
      Radhika Gajjala<br>
      Director, American Culture Studies<br>
      Professor of Communication Studies and Cultural Studies<br>
      101 East Hall<br>
      Bowling Green State University<br>
      Bowling Green, OH� 43403<br>
      <br>
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        href="http://personal.bgsu.edu/%7Eradhik">http://personal.bgsu.edu/~radhik</a><br>
      <br>
      <pre wrap="">
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
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    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Seeta Peña Gangadharan, Ph.D Candidate
Department of Communication
Stanford University
p: +1.415.377.5069
f: +1.415.869.3720
e: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:whoa@stanford.edu">whoa@stanford.edu</a></pre>
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