<p class="MsoNormal">Dear All,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">In the first 2 reflections around Digital Natives (mythical
or otherwise), I was trying to map (in significant short-hand) the kind of
shifts that we have been making in the “digital natives with a cause?” research
inquiry that the Centre for Internet and Society (Bangalore) and Hivos (The
Hague) initiated 3 years ago. As I mentioned, the knowledge consolidated from
the research is coming out in a book set titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Digital AlterNatives with a Cause?</i> That consists of 4 books, each
book respectively concentrating on questions of identity, methodology,
practices and networks in relation to Digital Natives. I greatly appreciate the
interventions that have been made on and off the list and hope that we will be
able to continue these conversations, both online and face2face when we meet at
Mobility Shifts.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">I take the opportunity of this last reflection to build
towards the interactive presentation I intend to bring with me to the summit.
While I retain my discomfort with the names – digital natives, digital
outcasts, digital activism etc. – I still find it fruitful to stay with a name,
if only to simultaneously implode and explode it, in quest for a more context
specific and embedded account of how digital technologies operate on the
ground. I shall hence, stay with the idea of the ‘Everyday Digital Native’ and
that of the ‘Digital Outcast’ to talk about a particular set of experiences in
contemporary India.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Despite a strong conflict in approaches and intentions of
understanding Internet(s) and digital technologies, there is a consensus, even
among the often warring factions, that digital access and literacy are still
located in elite pockets of the country, marked by urbanity, geography, class
and infrastructure. There is also an implicit agreement that a large population
in the country – the Digital Have-nots – need to be relocated in the technology
paradigms. The State and the Market come in complex negotiations to form public-private-partnerships
that create this citizen/consumer (or, to use Chua BengHuat’s formulation, the
consuming citizen) that needs to be reached through the new digital
technological apparatus. Across different stakeholders from academic research
to development work, there has been consensus that these Digital Have-Nots need
to be integrated into the technological mainstream and that Infrastructure – of
access, education, and literacy are the tropes by which this can be made
possible. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">The resistance in this ICT4D marked discourse is not whether
or not we should be using particular technologies and technology inflected ways
of thinking, but more about how we safeguard rights and security in these new
technology paradigms. Once this consensus has been reached the debates continue
in zealous terms using a language that is familiar- surveillance, safety,
privacy, etc. In this consensus is the implicit recognition that there are
technology mediated identities – digital haves and have-nots for example – that
need to be accounted for in everyday practices of technology. In the production
of these identities, we now need a vocabulary and framework that shall account
for the new social rights (like the right to information, access to knowledge,
etc.) and new ways of understanding the axes of discrimination and exclusion.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">It is here that I place the Digital Outcast – embodying the
technological ‘resolution’ offered by the State (and State-like-Structures) to
problems of discrimination, inequity and injustice. The Digital Outcast, who
has been ‘empowered’ by the digital technologies and ‘mainstreamed’ into the
globalisation flows of technology offers a way of thinking about what Social
Justice means in a country like India. What are the new articulation of rights
and how do we understand new social rights in relation to the fundamental
rights? What happens to traditional modes of discrimination (caste, class, gender)
and how do they get inflected by digital technologies? What does technologised
embodiment (not quite a cyborg, but perhaps also almost one) do to the bodies
that are also marked by other technologies of governance? How does Affirmative
action within education systems in India, that has sought to answer these
problems get reconstituted in the digital age? The micro-study that we
initiated with 9 colleges in India, to work with undergraduate students who are
recognisably the Digital Have-Nots, and look at how they strategically define
their relationships with digital technologies and in the process, also the
shifting ideas of Social Justice. <br></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I build on these questions at Mobility Shifts. I know I will
not have definitive answers that save the dolphins and the underprivileged, but
I hope that these conversations, especially when grounded in the context of
education, will open up new ways of imagining the beneficiary of
technology-mediated education and establish the digital native as more than an
imaginary that technologies need to cater to as the recipient of learning and
knowledge.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I hope that these are questions which might lead to a
generative discussion and a multilogue (Because dialogues can often become so
boring) both on the list as well as at the summit.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Warmly</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Nishant</p>
<br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Nishant Shah<br>Director (Research), Centre for Internet and Society,( <a href="http://www.cis-india.org" target="_blank">www.cis-india.org</a> )<br>Asia Awards Fellow, 2008-09<br># 00-91-9740074884<br>
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